50 Years of Independence No 235, 2010/3 - pagesPages 7 to 9EditorialBy Jean-Bernard VéronPages 11 to 26Mohammed Arkoun: Bridge Builder between CulturesBy Rachid Benzine, Christian Delorme, Oussama DewayPages 27 to 42How Military Power Is Transferred in AfricaBy Camille EvrardPages 43 to 52France’s Role after African Independence: Jacques Foccart and the Pax GallicaBy Jean-Pierre BatPages 53 to 6250 years of French Policy on AfricaBy Tony Chafer, Gordon David CummingPages 64 to 65Toward a Cartography of African IndependencePages 66 to 67British Cameroon in the IndependencesBy Mélanie TorrentPages 68 to 69Louis Rwagasore: Martyr for the Independence of BurundiBy Christine DeslaurierPages 70 to 71The Liberation of Africa at the Panaf Cultural Festival in AlgeriaBy Lorraine GallimardetPages 73 to 83Borders and Independence in Sub-Saharan AfricaBy Séverine Awenengo DalbertoPages 85 to 100Africans in the Year 2000 and Thirty Years of African IndependenceBy Philippe HugonPages 101 to 114Education: A Major Challenge in Post-Independence African CountriesBy Roland PourtierPages 115 to 126Post-Independence Africa: 50 Years of Crisis?By Jean-Bernard VéronPages 127 to 154ReviewsBy Michel Pautot