Biomass is a major component in the energy balance of sub-Saharan African countries – mainly in the form of firewood. And yet the resource could be better developed. Analyses and discourse have recognized this, but it has been hard to actually act on the matter. Why has this energy remained so underdeveloped? This article begins by examining what is stifling the expansion of biomass energy. Then it looks at the modernization of traditional channels and the deployment of advanced channels in Africa, as well as their place as a driver of energy and ecological transition necessary for African countries. While biomass plans need to be adapted to each country, the goal is the same everywhere: end fossil fuel-dependency and combat climate change, while conserving the natural environment and ecosystems.