Several hundred million people remain excluded from the world labor market. Projections for global job-market trends show that 3.3 billion formal or informal jobs must be created by 2050 to absorb all working-age people into the economy. What consequences will this have on the developed and developing world? How will the farmers’ crises – and the job losses they entail – aggravate job-market imbalances? How can agricultural practice and policy change to curb farming-related job losses while meeting the great challenges of food security and ecosystem conservation? The author reviews intense discussions about a topic central to the development of African countries.