Following the split of the Republic of Sudan into two countries in 2011, how will contemporary history writings address the concept of a single Sudan, two Sudans and even multiple Sudans? The article uses a counterfactual approach and the relationships that still run through the region. It suggests that historical narratives affirming the existence of “two Sudans” have contributed to creating South Sudan in 2011. However, other historiographers have supported—and may support again—the idea of a common Sudan or that of a Sudanese “family.”