About a million people fled their homes in Côte d’Ivoire following the civil war that erupted on September 19, 2002. Among the refugees, 550,000 migrated to the interior, and 360,000 Burkinabès returned to Burkina Faso. This paper analyzes the consequences of the arrival of these migrations for the populations and countryside in the areas that received refugees, two hundred kilometers apart to the southwest. It provides a new perspective on African internal migrations and shows some very different impacts.