This article offers a definition of the concept of moral economy, first in the general framework of the existing literature, and then in the more specific case of Burkinabè Islam. It then examines the relationship between moral economy and the charismatic figures of Islam in Burkina Faso. The example of two religious leaders (sheiks) in two different contexts, urban and rural, offers examples of how these charismatic authorities manage the economic assets entrusted to them by the faithful in the interests of the community. The article also aims to shed greater light on the strategies adopted by these “social planners” to mobilize and invest the resources generated by migratory flows.