After the turbulent years of the transition, the DRC is now undergoing a process of reconstruction. The 2006 constitution places devolution at the center of the State's reorganization, much along the same lines as in the Luluabourg Constitution (1964). The surreptitious return of federalism raises many issues concerning provincial equity and national cohesion in a geographic context characterized by strong anti-centralization tensions. A regional planning policy would thus seem to be a necessary complement to an institutional devolution that gives the provinces significant autonomy, especially from a financial point of view. From both these perspectives, the rehabilitation of the infrastructure that forms the country's backbone is prerequisite to rebuilding the State in a lasting manner.