Since independence, Tunisia has experienced strong demographic and economic growth. It has also made significant progress in developing its agricultural sector by successfully mobilizing water and arable land resources. Despite these efforts, agriculture's position in the national economy has gradually diminished. Rain-fed agriculture remains the norm as does a high level of inter-annual variation.The sector therefore has two aspects, with one dedicated to the social good and the other more attuned to the market and characterized by an aging farming population and rural exodus. Although strong political will has helped to achieve some progress, Tunisian agriculture remains insufficiently structured and thus unable to spawn institutions capable of responding to its needs or maximizing its potential. Some of its growth has been induced via subsidization and the protection of products for which Tunisia is not competitive. In another area where it does compete (fruit and vegetables), the sector has not capitalized on its advantages, resulting in a sub-par performance. According to the World Bank, Tunisia should continue to liberalize trade and disengage from the production sector. To withstand this liberalization, support competitiveness, and maximize its commercial potential, the agricultural sector must improve quality control on its products.