In Africa there has been a reduction in the number of conflicts since the beginning of the 21st century, but the continent still has the greatest number of conflicts (and victims of conflict) in the world. In a context of globalization following the end of Cold War, the nature of conflicts has changed. How do economic factors and underdevelopment explain wars? What are the economic consequences of conflicts? This paper analyzes the links between conflicts traps, insecurity, and underdevelopment traps, and then proposes some possible actions.