After a situational analysis of the development of Mauritius, this article suggests the idea of considering two counter factual perspectives: one relating to ‘Dutch disease’ and the other relating to the establishment of a patrimonial regime. It argues that it is the synergies established, both between the various economic activities and between the different social groups that have enabled the harmonious development—economic, social and political—of the island. Insofar as various aspects of industrial policy in Mauritius have greatly contributed to this development, this article suggests the introduction of the concept of ‘inclusive’ industrialization.