In spite of many efforts and occasional successes, such as the development of cotton-growing, the present trend for Francophone Africa's family farmers is still worrying. Difficult changes and subsistence economies are still the rule, with a growing risk of marginalization, bearing tremendous consequences from economic, environmental, political, and social perspectives. There are, however, some ways of increasing producers' skills, modernizing agriculture, defining a new balance between farmers and other rural populations, between the urban and the rural, and between individual interests and a collective approaches.