Announced in 2002 by President George W. Bush, the Millennium Challenge Account (MCA) is a new American ODA initiative met today with a great deal of hope and some fears. Is it a revolution in American development assistance? In a way, yes, for it is experimenting with new principles for freeing ODA from any kind of political influence. In a way, however, it is not revolutionary, because the MCA is not actually particularly innovative, because it merely takes into account the latest preoccupations of donor countries with regard to ODA. The ultimate question is as to whether this project will retain its key strengths once it has passed through Congress.