50 years after the creation of Israel, there is still no peace in the region. The present outburst of violence seems to have dissipated any prospect of an actual peace process. Causes of tension are numerous in the region. Among these, the issue of water resource control remains a specific challenge, although it goes well beyond the mere Arab-Israeli confrontation. The three examples of the Nile, Tigris/Euphrates and Jordan River basins show that it is futile to separate these issues from an overall peace process in the Middle East.